Sabon kayan wani nau'in polymer ne mai girma biyu, wanda aka yi da melamine , wanda ke haɗuwa da kansa zuwa zanen gado, ba kamar sauran polymers ba, waɗanda ke samar da sarƙoƙi masu girma ɗaya, masu kama da spaghetti. Har zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa ba zai yiwu a sa polymers su samar da zanen gado na 2D ba.
Irin wannan kayan za a iya amfani da shi azaman mai sauƙi, mai ɗorewa don sassa na mota ko wayoyin salula, ko a matsayin kayan gini don gadoji ko wasu gine-gine, in ji Michael Strano, Farfesa Carbon P. Dubbs Farfesa na Kimiyyar Kimiyya a MIT kuma babban marubucin sabon binciken.
"Ba yawancin lokaci muna tunanin robobi a matsayin wani abu ne da za ku iya amfani da shi don tallafawa gini, amma da wannan kayan, zaku iya kunna sabbin abubuwa," in ji shi. "Yana da kaddarorin da ba a saba gani ba kuma muna matukar farin ciki da hakan."
Masu binciken sun shigar da ƙarar neman haƙƙin mallaka guda biyu kan tsarin da suka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da kayan, wanda suka bayyana a cikin wata takarda da ta bayyana a yau a cikin mujallar Nature . MIT postdoc Yuwen Zeng shine babban marubucin binciken.
Girma biyu
Polymers, wanda ya haɗa da dukkan robobi, sun ƙunshi sarƙoƙi na tubalan ginin da ake kira monomers. Waɗannan sarƙoƙi suna girma ta hanyar ƙara sabbin ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa ƙarshensu. Da zarar an kafa, ana iya siffanta polymers zuwa abubuwa masu girma uku, kamar kwalabe na ruwa, ta amfani da gyare-gyaren allura.
Masana kimiyyar polymer sun daɗe suna hasashen cewa idan za'a iya jawo polymers suyi girma zuwa takarda mai nau'i biyu, yakamata su kasance da ƙarfi sosai, kayan nauyi. Duk da haka, shekaru da yawa na aiki a cikin wannan filin ya kai ga ƙarshe cewa ba zai yiwu ba don ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan zanen gado. Ɗaya daga cikin dalili na wannan shi ne cewa idan monomer ɗaya kawai ya juya sama ko ƙasa, daga cikin jirgin saman takardar girma, kayan zai fara fadadawa a cikin girma uku kuma tsarin mai kama da takarda zai ɓace.
Duk da haka, a cikin sabon binciken, Strano da abokan aikinsa sun fito da wani sabon tsari na polymerization wanda ya ba su damar samar da takarda mai girma biyu da ake kira polyaramide. Don tubalan ginin monomer, suna amfani da fili mai suna melamine, wanda ya ƙunshi zoben carbon da nitrogen atom. A ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace, waɗannan monomers na iya girma a cikin nau'i biyu, suna kafa diski. Wadannan fayafai suna tari a kan junansu, tare da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tsakanin yadudduka, wanda ke sa tsarin ya tsaya tsayin daka da ƙarfi.
"Maimakon yin kwayar halitta mai kama da spaghetti, za mu iya yin jirgi mai kama da kwayoyin halitta, inda muke samun kwayoyin da za su hada kansu wuri biyu," in ji Strano. "Wannan tsarin yana faruwa ne ba tare da bata lokaci ba a cikin bayani, kuma bayan mun haɗa kayan, za mu iya sauƙaƙe fina-finai na bakin ciki waɗanda ke da ƙarfi sosai."
Saboda kayan da ke tattare da kansa a cikin bayani, ana iya yin shi da yawa ta hanyar ƙara yawan adadin kayan farawa. Masu binciken sun nuna cewa za su iya rufe saman da fina-finai na kayan, wanda suke kira 2DPA-1.
"Tare da wannan ci gaba, muna da kwayoyin halittu masu tsari waɗanda za su kasance da sauƙin yin amfani da su zuwa wani abu mai ƙarfi, amma sirara sosai," in ji Strano.
Haske amma mai ƙarfi
Masu binciken sun gano cewa sabon ma'aunin roba - ma'aunin ƙarfin da ake buƙata don nakasa abu - yana tsakanin sau huɗu zuwa shida fiye da na gilashin hana harsashi. Har ila yau, sun gano cewa ƙarfin da ake samu, ko ƙarfin ƙarfin da ake ɗauka don karya kayan, ya ninka na karfe sau biyu, duk da cewa kayan yana da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin shida kawai na ƙarfe.
Wani mahimmin fasalin 2DPA-1 shine cewa ba shi da kariya ga iskar gas. Yayin da ake yin wasu polymers daga sarƙoƙi da aka naɗe tare da gibin da ke ba da damar iskar gas su shiga, sabon kayan an yi shi ne daga monomers waɗanda ke kulle tare kamar LEGOs, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta ba za su iya shiga tsakanin su ba.
"Wannan zai iya ba mu damar ƙirƙirar suturar ultrathin da za ta iya hana ruwa ko iskar gas gaba ɗaya," in ji Strano. "Ana iya amfani da irin wannan suturar shinge don kare karfe a cikin motoci da sauran ababen hawa, ko tsarin karfe."
Strano da dalibansa yanzu suna nazari dalla-dalla yadda wannan musamman polymer ke iya samar da zanen gado na 2D, kuma suna gwaji tare da canza kayan kwalliyar kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar wasu nau'ikan kayan labari.
Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Nanofluidic (CENT) Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi ta Ƙarfafa Makamashi wanda Ofishin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta dauki nauyin binciken, da Laboratory Research na Sojoji.
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