Karancin ruwa ya zama babban kalubale ga ci gaban zamantakewa. An ba da rahoton cewa kashi 29% na al'ummar duniya ba su da tsaftataccen ruwan sha, kuma har yanzu bukatar ruwa mai tsafta na karuwa saboda karuwar yawan jama'a da kuma matsalolin muhalli. Ruwa mai tsafta da ke da alaƙa da tsafta yana da mahimmanci musamman a yanayin barkewar cutar coronavirus (Neocoronavirus pneumonia). Ana ɗaukar ƙafewar ruwa mai amfani da hasken rana ɗaya daga cikin fasahohin da suka fi dacewa don samar da ruwa mai tsafta daga ruwan teku da ruwan datti ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana a matsayin kawai shigar da makamashi. Fasahar ta dogara kacokan akan masu amfani da hasken rana, wadanda ke aiki a matsayin masu fitar da makamashin hasken rana zuwa zafi don samar da tururi. Don cimma high ruwa evaporation rates da hasken rana zafi hira efficiencies, da manufa abu ya kamata da fadi da kewayon absorbance da nagarta sosai amfani da wani babban rabo daga hasken rana bakan, low thermal watsin don kashe zafi hasãra, da uku-girma (3D) porous tashoshi ga m ruwa kai. Ya zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya sun ƙera abubuwa daban-daban na photothermal dangane da carbon (misali, graphene ko carbon nanotubes), polymers, karafa da ƙarfe oxides da hybrids, da dai sauransu.
Masana kimiyya sun yi aiki tuƙuru don ganowa da samun ci gaba da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, don haka bari mu koyi daga wallafe-wallafe da yawa game da ci gaban bincike a samar da ruwa mai tsabta na photothermal a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
- Sadarwar yanayi: Ganyen tsire-tsire suna ƙarfafa hasken rana, ingantaccen ingantaccen ruwa
Ganyen tsire-tsire na jijiyoyin jini na halitta sun dogara ne akan bambance-bambance a cikin matsin lamba na osmotic, zubar jini da fitar da ruwa don samar da tan na ruwa mai tsafta, wanda hasken rana ke aiki. Da wannan wahayi, masu bincike a ƙungiyar Chun Li a Jami'ar Qinghua sun ba da rahoton wani mai tsarkakewa wanda hasken rana ke aiki don tsarkakewa da samarwa mai inganci. Wannan mai tsarkakewa wanda hasken rana ke aiki yana da hydrogel mai amsawa ga yanayin zafi mara kyau wanda aka makale a kan kashin bayan kumfa na melamine mai superhydrophilic kuma an lulluɓe shi da membrane na tace graphene (PG) na PNIPAm a waje. Kwaikwayon yanayin kwayoyin halitta da sakamakon gwaji sun nuna cewa yanayin superhydrophilic na kashin bayan melamine mai tauri ya hanzarta saurin kumburi/ƙara kumburi na mai tsarkake PNPG-F. A ƙarƙashin hasken rana iri ɗaya, wannan tsarin da aka ƙera da hankali ya samar da tarin 4.2 kg/m2/h da kuma cire ion > 99% don PNPG-F guda ɗaya daga abincin brine ta hanyar tasirin haɗakar ƙafewa da ƙarin digo. Marubucin ya yi hasashen manyan aikace-aikace masu kyau ga wannan tsarin da ke amfani da hasken rana mai inganci a aikace-aikacen tsaftace ruwa daban-daban. An buga binciken a matsayin takarda mai taken "Tsabtace hasken rana da ganyen shuka ke yi wa haske don samar da ruwa mai tsafta mai inganci" a cikin mujallar Nature communications.
- Ci gaban Kimiyya: Cibiyoyin hanyoyin sadarwa na polymer mai ɗorewa na hydrogels masu ɗaukar haske don tsabtace ruwan rana
Tushen ruwa na hasken rana don tsaftace ruwa fasaha ce mai ban sha'awa don samar da ruwa mai tsabta. Koyaya, samar da tururin hasken rana yana da ƙarfin kuzari, yana haifar da ƙarancin samar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin hasken rana. Don haka, akwai matukar bukatar samar da sabbin kayan da za su iya rage bukatar makamashi don fitar da ruwa da kuma hanzarta tsaftace ruwan hasken rana. Rukunin Farfesa Guihua Yu a Austin, Texas, Amurka, sun ba da rahoton wani hydrogel mai tsananin ruwa mai ɗorewa (h-LAH) wanda ya ƙunshi barasa polyvinyl da chitosan a matsayin kashin baya na hydration da polypyrrole a matsayin mai ɗaukar haske, wanda zai iya amfani da ƙarancin kuzari (< 50% na ƙarar ruwa) don fitar da ruwa. An nuna cewa ƙara ƙarfin hydration na h-LAH zai iya canza yanayin ruwa da kuma kunna ruwa a wani bangare, ta haka yana sauƙaƙe ƙawancen ruwa. h-LAH ya ƙara samar da tururin hasken rana zuwa ƙimar rikodin ~3.6 kg/m2/h a cikin rana 1. Tushen h-LAH mai ƙanƙantaccen ruwa na hasken rana shima ya baje kolin dorewa na dogon lokaci da kaddarorin antifouling akan hadaddun gurɓataccen ionic. An buga binciken ne a cikin wata takarda mai suna "Ganyen Tsire-tsire da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga tsabtace hasken rana don samar da ruwa mai tsafta mai inganci" a cikin Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Ci gaban Kimiyya.
- Angew: Abubuwan COF tare da superhydrophilicity da faffadan haske mai tsayi mai tsayi don fitar da ruwa na photothermal
Mahimmancin hydrophobicity da ƙayyadaddun hasken haske na porous Organic polymers, musamman a cikin kusa-infrared (NIR) yankin, su ne kwalabe biyu da ke hana aikace-aikacen su a cikin samar da tururi na hasken rana (SSG). Masu bincike a cikin ƙungiyar Xiaoli Yan a Jami'ar Jilin sun haɓaka tsarin haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta (COF) bisa 1,4,5,8 tetrakis (phenylamino) anthracene-9,10-dione (TPAD) (TPAD-COF), wanda ke da alaƙa da superhydrophilicity da kuma haske mai zurfi da ke rufe SSG daga duk yankin NIR / mai iya gani. TPAD-COF, a matsayin ingantaccen kayan juyawa na photothermal ba tare da wani ƙari ba, yana nuna kyakkyawan ƙawancen ruwa na 1.42 kg / m2 / h kuma yana samun babban ƙarfin jujjuyawar makamashi na 94% a ƙarƙashin iska ɗaya mai ƙarfi na hasken rana. An sami ƙarin haɓaka na kewayon ɗaukar haske na tushen TPAD ta hanyar gyare-gyaren bayan-synthetic na ƙwayoyin BF2 cherated. Gwaje-gwajen sarrafawa na tsari da bincike sun tabbatar da cewa hydrophilicity na kayan aikin juyawa na photothermal yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin COF na tushen TPAD na yanzu da ake amfani da shi don fitar da ruwa na photothermal. Aikin binciken, mai suna "Superhydrophilic2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Ingantacciyar Solar Steam Generation," an buga shi a cikin babban jaridar kasa da kasa Angewise. An buga aikin a cikin babban jaridar kasa da kasa Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
- JACS: Hydrophilic-hydrophobic dual-yanki COF/graphene hydrogel don fitar da ruwa na photothermal
Kashe ruwa mai amfani da hasken rana fasaha ce mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa da za ta taimaka wajen rage ƙarancin ruwa a duniya. Koyaya, wannan fasaha tana fuskantar babban ƙalubale saboda yawan amfani da makamashi da ƙarancin ƙawancewar ruwa. Ƙungiyar Farfesa Arne Thomas a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin, Jamus, ta ba da rahoton wani tsari na covalent Organic framework (COF) / graphene dual-region hydrogel wanda ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na hydrophilic da hydrophobic a cikin abu ɗaya ta hanyar sauƙi a cikin dabarun haɓaka. COF na hydrophilic ya ƙunshi wani yanki na hydrophobic graphene yankin. Ta daidaitaccen iko na yankuna biyu na jika, hybrid hydrogel yana nuna ingantaccen girbi na haske, daskararru mai daidaitawa, ingantaccen abun ciki na ruwa, da rage buƙatun makamashi don ƙafewar ruwa. A matsayin mai ɗaukar hasken rana, hydrogel na yanki biyu yana samun ƙimar haɓakar tururi har zuwa 3.69 kg/m2/h don iskar hasken rana 1 (1kw/m2), wanda yayi daidai da sauran kayan haɓaka. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da wannan evaporator na hydrogel don samar da ruwan sha daga ruwan teku da najasa, wanda ke nuna yuwuwar maganin ruwa. An buga aikin binciken a cikin mujallar JACS a matsayin "A Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Dual-Region Hydrogel for Inhanced Solar-Driven Water Generation", JACS, wata babbar jarida ta duniya.
- Ci gaban Kimiyya: Tsarin ruwan lili na ruwa-haɗaɗɗen ingantaccen ingantaccen ruwa mai ƙayatarwa na photothermal
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɓakar tururin hasken rana na tsaka-tsakin fuska ya nuna babban yuwuwar samun ingantacciyar jujjuyawar makamashi don tsaftace ruwan sha da ruwan sha. Duk da haka, ba za a iya kiyaye yawan ƙawancen ƙaya ba saboda ga alama babu makawa taruwa na ƙazanta ko gishiri a kan na'urar ɗaukar rana. Ana ƙara ƙazanta yayin da ƙwayar solute ke ƙaruwa. Don magance wannan matsala, ƙungiyar farfesa Jia Zhu a Jami'ar Nanjing, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin ganyen ruwa na Lily, sun tsara tsarin tsari da yawa (Water-lily-inspired Hierarchical Structure (WHS) photothermal-vapor Converter na'urar, wanda zai iya samun 80% photothermal canji yadda ya dace a lokacin da zalunta 10 wt% na gishiri da aka ambata a cikin ruwa mai yawa. da photothermal hira yadda ya dace ba ya rage muhimmanci a lokacin jiyya na sosai mayar da hankali brine da sharar gida har sai da evaporation ne cikakke (watau "sifili fitarwa"), da kuma surface ya kasance mai tsabta da aka buga a Science Advance karkashin taken "A Water-lily-wahayi Hierarchical Design for Stable da Ingantacciyar Rana evaporation na High Salinity Brine".
- Nano makamashi: Molybdenum disulfide don photothermal ruwa evaporation
Masu bincike a ƙungiyar Lifeng Wan a Cibiyar Frontier Materials ta Jami'ar Deakin sun ƙirƙiro jerin ƙwayoyin halitta masu kama da na ƙarfe masu canzawa da kuma nitride masu ɗauke da nitrogen don fitar da ruwa ta hanyar canza wani ɓangare na lu'ulu'u. Musamman ma, waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta masu kama da na 2D masu tasowa suna nuna ingantaccen shan ruwa a cikin kewayon infrared da kuma kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai a cikin mafita daban-daban, gami da ruwa, acid da tushe. Mafi mahimmanci, saboda ƙaruwar ƙarfin sha ruwa da kuma rage asarar zafi, na'urar dumamar rana ta MoS2-Mo5N6/ melamine (MF) tana nuna babban ƙimar ƙafewa (2.31 kg m-2h-1) da ingancin juyawa (106.6%), waɗanda suka fi na'urorin hasken rana na MoS2/MF da MF/water sau 1.4 da 4.7. Wannan aikin yana samar da jerin ƙwayoyin halitta masu kama da na 2D-2D TMDs-nitrogen-rich tare da kyakkyawan aikin hasken rana don samar da ruwan rana. An buga wannan aikin a cikin Nano energy, wata babbar mujallar ƙasa da ƙasa, a matsayin "Advanced 2D-2D heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides and nitrogen-rich nitrides for solar water energy".
Ana sa ran fasahar fitar da ruwa ta hasken rana za ta warware matsalar karancin ruwa mai tsafta a duniya, abin da ya kamata a warware a yanzu shi ne shirya arha na kayan aikin photothermal, da aiki mai inganci, da kwanciyar hankali da iya aiki a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, da fatan samun karin sakamako a nan gaba don fara fa'ida ga dukkan bil'adama!
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