A matsayin hanya mai dorewa ta amfani da albarkatun ruwa, kawar da hasken rana yana da babban tasiri wajen magance matsalar rashin wadataccen albarkatun ruwa da kuma rage karancin ruwa. Koyaya, fasahar kawar da ruwan teku ta gargajiya galibi tana da matsaloli kamar yawan amfani da makamashi, kayan aiki masu rikitarwa, da tsada.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin fasahohin shafan da ake amfani da su a kan nanomaterials sun jawo hankalin masu bincike a hankali. Graphene oxide ya rage graphene, a matsayin sabon abu mai nau'i biyu, ya nuna mahimmancin yuwuwar lalata hasken rana.
Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya desalination shafi kayan, rGO yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga m conductivity, high takamaiman surface yankin da kuma mai kyau sinadaran kwanciyar hankali, kuma ana sa ran inganta desalination yadda ya dace da kuma rage makamashi amfani.
Duk da haka, rGO kanta tana da matsalolin taruwa da adanawa, wanda ke rage ayyukanta da kwanciyar hankalinta. Saboda haka, gyara rGO akan kayan kumfa don samar da murfin kumfa na melamine /rGO ya zama hanya mai inganci don inganta inganci da kwanciyar hankali na desalination.
Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren farfajiya da ƙarfafa abubuwan da ke ɗaukar kayan kumfa, mun daidaita rGO a kan kumfa don ƙara wurin hulɗarsa tare da ions gishiri a cikin ruwa. A lokaci guda, ana sarrafa tsarin da kauri na murfin rGO don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakawa da kwanciyar hankali.
Don samun zurfin fahimtar tsarin desalination, mun kuma shirya rage kumfa graphene oxide (rGO). Graphene trioxide-coated melamine kumfa yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma hydrophilicity, wanda ke ba shi damar samun ruwa mai kyau kuma zai iya jawo ruwa zuwa wurin ƙaura, yana barin ruwa ya cika da sauri yayin da yake guje wa hazo gishiri.
Tsarin evaporation na tsaka-tsaki na graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa zai iya cimma daidaitaccen yanayin ƙawancewar yanayi na 89.6% a ƙarƙashin 1kW m-2 mai mai hasken rana. Wannan tsarin ƙafewar fuska yana da ingantaccen canjin hasken rana zuwa zafi da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, yana nuna yuwuwar lalata ruwan teku na kasuwanci.
A halin yanzu, matsalar makamashi da karancin ruwa a duniya sun zama babbar barazana ga ci gaban al'umma mai dorewa. Don saduwa da buƙatun makamashi mai girma, haɓaka haɓakar canjin makamashi daban-daban da fasahar tsabtace ruwa ya sami ƙarin kulawa.
Fasahar ƙafewar fuska mai amfani da hasken rana
A matsayin tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa, makamashin hasken rana ya samo asali ne saboda ƙarfinsa mai girman gaske, gamayya, tsabta, da damar juzu'i masu yawa. Ya nuna yuwuwar maye gurbin burbushin mai da aka ajiye ta hanyar mai.
Baya ga fasahar photovoltaic ta hasken rana da ke samar da makamashin lantarki kai tsaye, fasahar canza makamashin hasken rana ta kuma mayar da ita zuwa makamashin zafi, wanda ake ganin hanya ce mai sauki da inganci don amfani da makamashin hasken rana.
The thermal energy tuba daga hasken rana zai iya fitar da muhimman hanyoyin masana'antu kamar tashoshin wutar lantarki mai zafi na hasken rana, cirewar hasken rana, haifuwa, tsarin dumama ruwan rana da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke da alaƙa da zafi. Tsabtace hasken rana yana ba da ingantaccen bayani, musamman ga wuraren da ba su da ababen more rayuwa, domin yana iya fitar da ruwa mai daɗi daga ruwan teku ba tare da ƙarin kuzarin makamashi ba.
A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, fasahar fitar da iska mai amfani da hasken rana tana gano tsarin jujjuyawar zafin rana a yanayin tururin ruwa kuma ya zama sabuwar fasahar amfani da makamashin hasken rana. Idan aka kwatanta da dumama haɗin kai na gargajiya, tsarin ƙawancen fuska na tsaka-tsaki yana nuna ingantaccen ƙawancewar iska da saurin amsawar zafi kuma shine yuwuwar madadin kawar da ruwan teku.
Ya zuwa yanzu, an gudanar da bincike da yawa kan inganta yanayin zafi na tsarin ƙawancen fuska. Tsarin ƙawancen fuska na yau da kullun da hasken rana ya ƙunshi sassa uku masu mahimmanci:
Mai ɗaukar hasken rana tare da ɗaukar hasken rana mai girma kuma yana canza hasken rana yadda ya kamata zuwa makamashin zafi; wani insulator wanda ke canja wurin zafi da aka canza zuwa ruwa mai yawa; da hanyar samar da ruwa da ke ci gaba da ɗibar ruwa daga ruwa mai yawa zuwa saman mai ɗaukar rana.
A cikin binciken da aka yi a baya, adadi mai yawa na masu bincike sun sadaukar da kansu don inganta ingancin juyawar hasken rana zuwa tururi ta hanyar haɗa kayan da ke ɗaukar makamashin rana da na wutar lantarki, inganta ƙirar sabbin hanyoyin samar da ruwa, da kuma inganta tsarin rufin zafi .
Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi amfani da tsarin ƙafewar fuska da hasken rana ke amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu da yawa, haifar da distillation na hasken rana, haifuwar hasken rana, datse hasken rana da samar da wutar lantarki. Don cimma babban aikin haɓakar ƙawancen tsarin, yana da mahimmanci a bincika shayarwar watsa shirye-shirye a cikin bakan hasken rana na kayan ɗaukar hasken rana.
Abubuwan da ke jan makamashin hasken rana da aka haɓaka kuma aka bincika su a cikin tsarin ƙawancen tsaka-tsaki da ke motsa hasken rana galibi sun haɗa da kayan carbonaceous, ɓangarorin plasmonic da kayan zaɓaɓɓen abubuwan sha. Daga cikin su, kayan baƙar fata na halitta da na carbonaceous suna da ƙarfin jujjuyawar zafin rana da zafin rana kuma sun dace da faɗaɗawa da masu ɗaukar hasken rana mai ƙarfi.
Saboda yawan sha na hasken rana, ƙarancin farashi, da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, yawancin masu amfani da hasken rana an yi nazarin abubuwan da suka haɗa da carbon nanotubes, graphite, da rage graphene oxide. Bayan shekaru na ci gaba, ingantaccen tsarin canza hasken rana zuwa tururi a ƙarƙashin hasken rana ya kai fiye da 90%.
Ko da yake an sami babban ci gaba wajen haɓaka kayan da ke ɗaukar makamashin hasken rana da kuma ƙirƙira sifofin ƙayataccen fuska, mafi yawan na'urorin da aka ba da rahoton a baya sun kasance ne sakamakon tarin gishiri a saman saman mai fitar da ruwa a lokacin aikin ɓata ruwa. Gishirin da aka tara yana toshe shan hasken rana kuma yana toshe mai fitar da ruwa mai ƙarfi, yana haifar da ƙarancin juzu'in juzu'i zuwa zafin rana da rashin aikin fitar da iska.
Hanyoyin jiki na al'ada irin su raƙuman ruwa na ultrasonic da nutsewar ruwa ana amfani da su gabaɗaya don cire gishiri da aka tara, amma waɗannan hanyoyin na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauƙi na tsarin ƙaura.
Don rage tarin gishiri a cikin tsarin ƙawancen tsaka-tsaki, yawancin bincike sun mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ƙawancen hydrophobic. Duk da haka, masu fitar da ruwa na hydrophobic suna iyakance samar da ruwa zuwa saman saman, don haka rage aikin evaporative na tsarin. Wata hanyar da za a magance wannan matsala ita ce ta yin amfani da na'urar evaporator na hydrophilic, wanda ke motsa gishiri mai yawa daga saman saman zuwa ruwa mai yawa.
Ya zuwa yau, yawancin karatu sun mayar da hankali kan zayyana masu fitar da ruwa, irin su hydrophilic cellulose masana'anta membranes, takarda na hydrophilic membranes, da kuma bio-wahayi evaporators. Amma haɓaka tsayayyen tsari na dogon lokaci da ingantaccen tsarin ƙafewar fuska da hasken rana ya kasance babban ƙalubale.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun nuna mai juriya mai gishiri, ingantacciyar isar da hasken rana da saurin rahusa kumfa na graphene oxide (rGO) don lalata tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin hasken rana a ƙarƙashin ƙananan hasken hasken rana.
A cikin sabon tsarin ramuka, an zaɓi kumfa mai amfani da hydrophilic melamine (MF) a matsayin tushe, wanda ba wai kawai yana faɗaɗa yankin saman don shan hasken rana ba, har ma yana ƙara yawan warwatsewa.
A surface hydrophilicity da porosity na rage graphene oxide-rufi melamine kumfa samar da isasshen wetting da Fusion na hasken rana canza yanayin zafi, kazalika da sauri replenishment na ruwa, yayin da guje wa tara gishiri.
Yin amfani da babban aikin rage yawan kumfa melamine mai graphene oxide, tsarin tsaka-tsakin hasken rana yana da ikon yin jujjuyawar juzu'in hasken rana zuwa tururi na 89.6%.
Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar haɗa kumfa melamine mai rahusa graphene oxide zuwa makamashin hasken rana na kasuwanci, mun ƙirƙira kuma mun ƙirƙira na'urar kawar da ruwan teku ta hanyar hasken rana tare da ingantaccen canjin hasken rana zuwa ruwa na 56.4% a ƙarƙashin hasken rana. Saboda ɓatar da hasken rana, ruwan tsaftataccen ruwan da aka tattara yana da buƙatun ingancin abin sha.
Tare da ingantaccen aikin evaporation da scalability na kayan jujjuyawar hasken rana-zuwa-zafi, wannan tsarin don lalata ruwan tekun da ke gudana ta hanyar hasken rana yana gabatar da fa'idodin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace masu amfani na lalata ruwan teku.
Scalability na solar desalination zafi canja wurin kayan
Tsarin ƙawancen tsaka-tsaki dangane da rage yawan kumfa melamine mai rufin graphene oxide. Ter graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa yana tsakiyar kuma an nannade shi da wani Layer na polyethylene (PE) kumfa a waje don gina wani kumfa tsaka-tsaki tsarin evaporation interfacial.
Melamine kumfa mai rufi da tellurium-reduced graphene oxide da ake amfani da su da sauri tsotse hasken rana radiation da ya faru, maida hasken rana makamashi zuwa zafi, da kuma haifar da wani motsi na interfacial evaporation. A daya hannun, hydrophilic rage graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa iya ci gaba da jawo brine a cikin evaporation yankin.
Tsarin da ba a iya gani na graphene trioxide mai rufi melamine kumfa yana ba da damar tururin da aka samar don tserewa cikin yanayi, yana haɓaka kama hasken rana kuma don haka ƙara haɓakar canjin hasken rana zuwa zafi. Rage kumfa melamine mai ruɓaɓɓen graphene oxide yana da ƙura da ruwa, yana ƙyale shi ya jawo ruwa cikin tsarin ƙawancen da aka kwatanta a sama yayin da lokaci guda ke wargaza gishiri mai yawa a cikin babban ruwan teku.
A lokacin da ake fitar da gishiri, yawan gishirin da ke cikin kumfa ya fi yawan ruwan teku da ke ƙasa. Sauye-sauyen yawan gishirin yana sa gishirin ya tarwatse zuwa ruwan da ke cikinsa. Bugu da ƙari, kumfa polyethylene da ke kewaye ba wai kawai yana rage kumfa mai rufi da graphene oxide ba , har ma yana taruwa a saman ruwa, yana hana asarar zafi da ruwan gishiri da ke kewaye ke haifarwa.
Tsarukan ƙafewar fuska na iya aiki da kyau da inganci akan saman ruwa ba tare da buƙatar ƙira mai sarƙaƙƙiya ba. Bugu da ƙari kuma, tun da ƙawancen yakan faru a wurin haɗin gas-ruwa, tsarin ƙawancen tsaka-tsakin zai iya motsawa da kansa lokacin da haɗin ke komawa baya.
Tellurium-reduced graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci na tsarin ƙafewar fuska. Melamine kumfa an nutsar da shi a cikin dakatarwar graphene oxide colloidal don shirya rage kumfa melamine mai graphene oxide, sa'an nan kuma an rage graphene oxide zuwa rage graphamine oxide ta amfani da hanyar hydrothermal.
Rage kumfa melamine mai rufi na graphene oxide tare da diamita na 3.5 cm da kauri na 1.6 cm yana da sauƙin ƙirƙira kuma launinsa yana da zurfin baki.
Ƙunƙarar saman abin da aka rage na graphene oxide mai rufi na melamine kumfa da aka gani ta hanyar amfani da na'urar gani mai girma uku ya nuna bambancin tsayi fiye da 300 μm. M tsarin saman hasken rana thermal tuba composites aka yafi dangana ga porous tsarin melamine kumfa, da kuma modified rage graphene oxide kuma ƙara da surface roughness.
Ƙarfin saman yana ƙara girman sararin samaniyar hasken rana yayin da yake ƙara yawan tarwatsewar hasken rana da ya faru, don haka inganta haɓakar canjin rana zuwa zafi na tsarin. Microstructure na kumfa melamine da aka shirya a daban-daban magnifications. Fuskar kumfa mai graphene oxide mai rufin melamine tana nuna tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mara kyau da haɗin kai.
Girman pore na kumfa melamine mai rufaffiyar rGO yana tsakanin 20 zuwa 40 μm. The bude pore tsarin da wrinkled surface sauƙaƙe jijiya na graphene oxide. Rage kumfa melamine mai ruɓaɓɓen graphene oxide yana da ingantaccen ruwa mai kyau saboda yanayin hydrophilicity na kumfa melamine mai ƙarfi.
Da zarar ɗigon ruwa ya taɓa saman kumfa melamine mai ruɓaɓɓen graphene oxide, an shafe shi gaba ɗaya cikin daƙiƙa 0.5. Fuskar hydrophilic na raguwar abubuwan haɗin graphene oxide na iya jagorantar magudanar ruwa cikin sauri a cikin sifa mai ƙura. An ƙaddara ƙarancin ƙarancin graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa an ƙaddara ta hanyar kwatanta sauye-sauyen taro kafin da bayan sha ruwa.
A porosity na graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa zai iya kai 85.55%. Ƙunƙarar makamashin hasken rana ta hanyar rage kumfa melamine mai rufaffiyar graphene oxide yana rinjayar tasirin canjin rana-zuwa-zafi na tsarin. Don kimanta juriya na gishiri, an sanya kumfa melamine mai ruɓaɓɓen graphene oxide a cikin maganin sodium chloride (3.5 wt%).
Sa'an nan kuma an sanya 3 g na m sodium chloride a saman saman kuma an sanya kumfa melamine mai rufi na Tergo a yawan hasken rana na 1 kW m-2. Adadin gishiri mai ƙarfi a hankali yana narkewa bayan mintuna 120.
Idan hasken rana ya haskaka saman saman kumfa mai rufi da rGO , zafin kumfa mai rufi da rGO yana tashi da sauri cikin mintuna kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa a 35°C a duk tsawon lokacin fitar da iska. Tunda narkewar gishiri ya dogara da zafin jiki, yawan zafin jiki, da sauri gishirin ke narkewa, don haka za a iya sake narkar da ƙarfen gishirin cikin ruwan saman.
A cikin ƙananan kumfa melamine mai rufi na graphene oxide, wanda ke da pores da yawa tare da babban ƙarfin shayar da ruwa wanda zai iya samar da ci gaba da samar da ruwa zuwa saman saman, salts na iya motsawa daga saman saman zuwa sublayer na ruwa. Canje-canjen yanayin zafi yana haifar da canje-canjen salinity tsakanin saman evaporation na sama da jiki.
Domin samun damar watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen ingantaccen hasken rana, an canza kumfa melamine tare da kumfa melamine mai ƙarfi, ta haka yana haɓaka yankin shayar da hasken rana da haɓaka watsawa da yawa.
Tsarin ƙawancen hasken rana wanda ya dogara da kumfa melamine mai rufi na rGO yana nuna saurin amsawar thermal a yawan ƙarfin hasken rana na 1 kW m-2, yana samun ingantaccen canjin yanayin zafin rana na 89.6%.
A ƙarshe, mun haɗu da ƙarancin graphene oxide mai rufi melamine kumfa evaporator a cikin hasken rana har yanzu, wanda zai iya samar da 56.4% ruwan sha tare da tarin gishiri a 1 kW m-2.
Muna tunanin cewa za a iya amfani da wannan na'ura mai amfani da hasken rana don kawar da tsatsauran ra'ayi a tsibirin da ke keɓe ko a cikin teku don tattara ruwan sha daga yalwar ruwan teku ko wasu albarkatun ruwan gishiri.
Kammalawa
Desalination rGO mai rufi melamine kumfa, a matsayin sabuwar fasaha da ingantaccen fasahar kawar da hasken rana, yana da babban yuwuwar da fatan aikace-aikace. Ba kawai zai iya samar da ingantaccen albarkatun ruwa don wuraren da ke da karancin ruwa ba, har ma da rage dogaro ga makamashin gargajiya, rage yawan amfani da makamashi da gurbatar muhalli.
Sakamakon wannan bincike zai ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci don magance matsalar ƙarancin albarkatun ruwa na duniya da kuma inganta fahimtar ci gaba mai dorewa.
Don ƙarin bayani game da SINOYQX Melamine Foam, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu a [email protected] ko a yi mana magana: +86-28-8411-1861.
Ana sake buga wasu hotuna da rubutu daga Intanet, kuma haƙƙin mallaka na ainihin marubucin ne. Idan akwai wani cin zarafi, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu don sharewa.