Matse mai kauri daga ruwa ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, amma yana da wani sinadari mai tauri (ba ya ƙunshi tsawon sarkar ionic ko kwayoyin halitta har zuwa matakai 2 ~ 3, babban yanki na musamman) na ƙarin sinadarai na halitta. Ajin matse mai kauri ne na ruwa , wanda galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin rufi, robobi, roba, fenti da sauran manne na halitta, manne da sauran masana'antu. Matse mai kauri ne na mahaɗan halitta waɗanda aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da sinadarin ester (duba Karin Bayani na A), matse mai kauri galibi ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar stearic acid (ester), hydroxyl (musamman rukunin ester), haɗin hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, da amide. Haɗin hydrogen tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ester yana ba matse mai kauri tasirin sha ruwa ko kumburi. Saboda haka, matse mai kauri zai iya shawo kan fenti, mannewa yadda ya kamata saboda faɗaɗa zafin jiki na Layer ɗin manne mai wrinkles, fashe ko barewa da sauran lahani. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsufa, juriya ga acid da alkali, da kyawawan halayen injiniya, juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga zafi da juriya ga sanyi.
- Overview
Bisa ga tsarinsa, stiffener za a iya raba kashi biyu: mai-soluble da ruwa-soluble. Ana amfani da taurin mai mai narkewa a cikin sutura, robobi da roba da sauran kayan kwalliya don hana kayan daga blister, fashewa, kwasfa da sauran lahani saboda haɓakar zafin jiki. Ƙaƙƙarfan mai narkewa mai ruwa yana da tasiri mai laushi akan mai da ruwa, wanda ba zai sa fenti ya tsage ba, amma cakuda pigment ba za a iya cika shi ba ko sanya shi turbid da sauran lahani. Saboda hardening sakamako ba ya samar da by-samfurori (kamar acrylic acid irin ko sulfonate ester irin) ko ba ya samar da ta-samfurori, don haka inganta dispersibility na hardening da kuma kara hardening ikon muhimmanci inganta ta zafi juriya, weathering, sanyi juriya da kuma low-zazzabi yi. A lokaci guda kuma zai iya rage yawan adadin kaushi a cikin sutura da kuma tsawaita mai tsauri na tushen ruwa a cikin lokacin bushewa da ake buƙata don rage farashin samarwa.
- II. Tsarin sinadarai na asali
Stiffeners gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi acetate esters, fatty acid esters, hydroxy acid esters ko alkyl lipids. Yawancin stiffener yana da shayarwar ruwa, don haka za'a iya tarwatsa kwayoyin halitta da kyau a cikin emulsion kuma rage danko na tsarin stiffener, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman stabilizer ko emulsifier. Stiffener kuma yana da kaddarori na musamman na nau'in, kamar: stiffener mai ƙarfi da ake amfani da shi a cikin robobi, roba, sutura, adhesives da sauran masana'antu. Ana amfani da stiffeners na tushen ƙarfi a cikin fenti da sutura tare da tasiri mai kyau. Ana amfani da ruwa a cikin masana'antar abinci don kula da kyakkyawan tsari. Rashin narkewa a cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin kaushi na halitta irin su acrylates, na iya aiki tare da yawancin kaushi na halitta. Yana iya samar da haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tare da acid da alkali, yana da ƙarfin chelating mai ƙarfi don anhydride da sauran makamashin ionic, kuma ana iya sanya shi tare da nau'ikan polymers daban-daban. Yana da kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi, tsayi mai tsayi da juriya na lalata.
III. Amfani da stiffener
Haɗuwa: stiffener a cikin cakuda zai bayyana ƙarin haɗuwa, a cikin tsarin hadawa da motsawa don samar da sabon abu na kumfa, da kuma dakatarwa da yawa. Zai haifar da samuwar fim ɗin emulsion a saman fenti kuma yana haifar da mummunan sakamako mai ƙarfi da sauran matsaloli. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a biya hankali ga sashi na hardener, adadin ya kamata ya dace, kuma cakuda kada ya kasance mai kauri sosai, don kada ya watsar da rashin daidaituwa wanda ke haifar da blistering, yana shafar amfani da tasirin.
Haɗin ƙananan sauri: ana amfani da kayan haɗin haɗin ƙananan sauri don hydrate mai ƙarfi da samar da cakuda ruwa na daidaitattun daidaito. Hanyar tana da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan: da farko ƙara ƙaramin ƙwayar stearic acid (ester), hydroxyl, hydrogen bonding da hydroxyl, sannan a haɗe shi da stearic acid ko ƙungiyar ester don samar da stiffener; ko kuma su biyun tare da cakuda mai tauri bayan an ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace don sanya shi dumama.
Nau'in sinadaran da ke narkewa: wannan nau'in sinadarin da ke tauri ya dogara ne akan carboxyl (ko hydroxyl) a matsayin nau'in sinadarai ko polymers na halitta, waɗanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma suna samar da tsarin copolymer (galibi tushen ester). Ko kuma polymerization ɗinsa don samun dogon sarkar kwayoyin halitta, babban yanki na saman, mafi girman danko kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na watsawa da kuma wani matakin mannewa a cikin tsarin rufe ruwa (galibi ya dogara da adadin tsarin resin a cikin mai tauri) na polymer don tsarin haɗin gwiwa na samfurin. Stiffener ruwa ne na emulsion, wanda ake sha a zafin ɗaki kuma yana fuskantar jerin martani don samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Stiffeners yawanci suna ɗauke da ƙananan gishiri, carboxylic acid (misali, hydroxylamine, phosphate esters, ko disodium sulfonate), ko ƙananan adadin ions na ƙarfe azaman ƙari. Iyakar aikace-aikacensa tana da faɗi sosai, gami da murfin ruwa , fina-finan filastik, manne da polymers waɗanda ke ɗauke da mai tauri suma ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan tushe don shafa ko samfuran filastik.
- Tushen ruwa ko tushen mai: mai dacewa ga kowane nau'in sutura, gabaɗaya samfuran matsakaici;
- wanda ba ruwa mai narkewa: ana iya narkar da shi cikin ruwa sannan a hankali a tarwatse a cikin emulsion iri ɗaya tarwatsa;
- Haɗaɗɗen lokaci mai ƙarfi: ana iya ƙara ruwa mai emulsion zuwa ingantaccen abu tare da nau'ikan adhesives na halitta kuma a zuga da kyau (wanda ke ɗauke da filaye na halitta) don haɗuwa; ƙara adadin da ya dace na ƙwanƙwasa zai sa mai ƙwanƙwasa tare da wani taurin don inganta kayan aikin injiniya da kuma tsufa;
- Rufe mai tsauri na tushen ruwa.
- IV. Aikace-aikacen wakili mai ƙarfi a cikin kayan kwalliya, robobi, roba da sauran masana'antu
Amfani da matsewa a cikin rufin da aka yi da ruwa galibi yana nufin gyara polyester marasa cikawa, emulsions na copolymer, da sauransu, waɗanda zasu iya inganta aikin resin roba. Polymer mai tauri ba wai kawai yana da tauri mai inganci ba, har ma yana da juriyar ruwa mai kyau da juriyar tsufa. Lokacin amfani, ana iya narkar da matsewa a cikin ruwan da ke ɗauke da kashi 20-40%, sannan a ƙara shi a cikin kettle na amsawa don amsawar emulsification, kuma ana iya samun matsewa mai ƙarfi bayan ƙara adadin narkewar da ya dace. Lokacin da matsewa ya ƙunshi fiye da wani yanki na sinadarai na halitta, polymerization da bazuwar za su faru, wanda ba wai kawai zai rage aikin resin ba har ma yana haifar da tsufa na kayan aiki ko samfura. Saboda haka, ƙara adadin matsewa mai dacewa ga tsarin samar da shafi da polymer zai iya inganta tasirin amfani da shi kuma ya sa samfurin ya sami sassauci mafi kyau da juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa.
- V. Tsanaki
- Wakilin mai taurin kai zai bazu zuwa abubuwan polar ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai zafi da yanayin zafi, don haka dole ne a rufe shi kuma a adana shi don hana yadudduka da gurɓata samfurin.
- Ajiye ya kamata a shayar da shi kuma ya bushe, kiyaye ɗakin a bushe.
- Guji bayyanar rana.
- Ƙara kuma amfani a hankali lokacin da ake nema.
- Kada a haxa ko tsarma samfurin da ruwa, ko haxa tare da wasu kayan aikin warkewa, masu filaye, alade, filaye ko alawo yayin amfani da su.
- An haramta sosai gauraye da gubar, mercury da sauran abubuwan karafa masu nauyi.
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